Mind Map Gallery Carbon and its compounds

Carbon and its compounds

Carbon is a versatile element that plays a fundamental role in the chemistry of life and the Earth's atmosphere. It is the basis for organic chemistry, which is the study of carbon compounds. Here are some key points about carbon and its compounds.

Edited at 2023-11-14 07:24:15

Sangam Kumar

Carbon and its compounds

Sangam Kumar

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Outline

Carbon and its compounds class 10

Introduction to carbon and its compounds

Carbon: an essential element in all living organisms, form numerous compounds due to its unique bonding properties.

Structure of carbon atom: consists of 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

Carbon bonding

Covalent bonding: carbon forms strong covalent bonds with other elements, sharing electrons.

Tetrahedral structure: carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds, resulting in a tetrahedral arrangement.

Organic and inorganic compounds

Organic compounds: contain carbon atoms bonded to other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.

Inorganic compounds: do not contain carbon atoms bonded to other elements.

Carbon compounds and their properties

Hydrocarbons

Saturated hydrocarbons: contain only single carbon-carbon bonds, known as alkanes.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons: contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds, known as alkenes and alkynes respectively.

Functional groups

Hydroxyl group: represents the presence of an -OH group, found in alcohols.

Carbonyl group: represents the presence of a C=O group, found in aldehydes and ketones.

Carboxyl group: represents the presence of a COOH group, found in carboxylic acids.

Isomerism: compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Important carbon compounds

Ethanol

Formula: C2H5OH

Properties and uses: a colorless liquid, used as a solvent and in the manufacturing of alcoholic beverages.

Ethanoic acid

Formula: CH3COOH

Properties and uses: a pungent-smelling liquid, used in the production of vinegar and as a food preservative.

Ethene

Formula: C2H4

Properties and uses: a colorless gas, used as a starting material in the production of plastics and synthetic fibers.

Environmental issues related to carbon compounds

Air pollution: combustion of carbon compounds releases harmful gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.

Global warming: carbon dioxide released from burning fossil fuels contributes to the greenhouse effect and climate change.

Acid rain: sulfur and nitrogen compounds released from burning carbon compounds react with atmospheric moisture to form acid rain.