MindMap Gallery Terrain characteristics of India
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Terrain characteristics of India
India has rich and diverse topographic features, which can be divided into three major topographic regions: the the Himalayas, the central plains and the Deccan Plateau. The the Himalayas is one of the highest mountains in the world. Its main peak is more than 8000 meters above sea level, which has an important impact on India's climate and ecological diversity. The central plains mainly include the Ganges and Indus plains, with flat terrain and being one of the most densely populated and economically developed regions in India. The Deccan Plateau occupies most of the central and southern parts of India, with a high altitude and uneven surface. This is a mind map about the terrain features of India. The map is equipped with an INDIA river system map and includes 10 main branches, namely: GANGETIC PLAINS, Northern Plains are divided into 3 parts, Indus Tributaries/Punjab having 5 water bodies, Doab, Ganga Tributaries, Brahmaputra Tributaries, Indo Gangetic Plains, Bhabar, Terrai, Bhangar, Khadar and Significance of Indo Gangetic Plains. The main branch has sub branches for further detailed description. Suitable for people who are interested in the terrain or geography of India.
Edited at 2023-05-01 07:58:16
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Major Relief Features
INDO - GANGETIC PLAINS
This is the region between Himalayas & Peninsular Plateaus
Northern plains
Plains areas are called low lands
In the past, they are valleys but by himalayas with perinnial rivers & debries are throw in that valley thus Indo Gangetic Plains are formed
Consists of pebbles, gravel, rock, silt & debries
Formed by Perinnial rivers
These are formed by 3 Major rivers
1. Indus
2. Ganga
3. Brahmaputra
Area - 7 lakh Sq.Km
Distance - above 3,200 km
Width - 150 to 300 km
Elevation - 2000 to 3000 M
Northern Plains are divided into 3 parts
1. Western part - Indus
2. Central part - Ganga & its tributatries
3. Eastern part - Brahmaputra
Indus Tributaries/ Punjab having 5 water bodies
RSJCB
R - Ravi
S - Sutlej
J - Jhelum
C - Chenab
B - Beas
Doab
The fertile land between 2 rivers found in Punjab & Haryana
Do in hindi is two
Ab in Punjab is water
Ganga Tributaries
Sone, Kosi, Chambal, Gandak
Ganga extends from Gaggar to Teesta
Brahmaputra Tributaries
Lohit & Dibang
Indo Gangetic Plains - 4 land forms
1. Bhabar
2. Terai
3. Bhangar
4. Khadar
1. Bhabar
Himalayan rivers flow down
Deposit silt, gravel, pebbles
Narrow belt - 8 to 16 km
Bottom of Shivaliks
2. Terai
Silt, debries
Swamy & marshy forested area
South to the Bhabar
Agriculture
3. Bhangar
South to terai area
Old Alluvial plains
4. Khadar
New alluvial plains
South the Bhangar region
Significance of Indo Gangetic Plains
1. Since the land is flat, it is very easy to construct irrigation projects, dams, canals, navigation
2. It has excellent road & railway network which are more helpful for the establishment of many industries
3. With 40% of the total population of India, these plains have high density of population
4. Hence it is called Heart of India
5. Without northern plains, Indian economy will be decreased/reduced
Major Relief Features
THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU
Indian plateau is also known as Peninsular plateau
It is surrounded by 3 sides of water
Plateaus are known as table lands
South to Indo gangetic plains
Area - 15 lakh Sq.Km
Height - 600 to 900 M
Irregular triangular shape
Formed by hard igneous & metamorphic rocks
Topography tilted towards east
Consists of large & small plateaus, hills, river basins, valleys
About 600 million years ago it was a part of Gondwana & Volcanic origin.
Greater Peninsulr Plateau division
1. Malwa Plateau (Central highlands)
2. Deccan Plateau (Peninsular Plateau)
The river Narmada divides these 2 Plateaus
1. Malwa Plateau
1. Found south to the plains
2. It is in irregular triangle shape
3. Slightly slopes/bends towards Gangetic Plains
4. Malwa Plateau - (North - Aravalli; East - Baghelkhand; South - Vindhya ranges; West - Desert)
5. Malwa Plateau regions are dry
6. Rivers are not Perinnial
7. Rich in minerals - gold,coal, mica, manganese, diamonds etc.
8. Chota Nagpur Plateau - Located Eastern part of the Malwa Plateau
2. Deccan Plateau
1. South to Narmada river
2. Deccan plateau shape is triangle
3. Deccan Plateau - (North - Satpura ranges ; West - Western Ghats ; East - Eastern Ghats & South - Kanyakumari)
4. Most of it formed by Volcanic erruption
5. Height - 900 M (Western Ghats) & 300 M (Eastern Ghats)
6. Consists of Western Ghats & Eastern Ghats
7. Western Ghats Eastern Ghats Begins from Khandeshi to Kanyakumari Begins from Mahanadi Valley to Niligiri hills Continuous its structure Discontinuous in structure Higher in elevation Lower in elevation 2000 M from Arabian sea 900 M from Bay of Bengal Area extends about 1200 Sq.Km Extends about 500 - 1000 Sq.Km Source of rivers Source of fertile lands Famous hills :Annai Mabi, Palani & Cardamom hills, Ooty (Udagamandalam) Famou hills:Nalla Malai . Veli kondas, Pala Kondas Highest Peak : Dodabetta (2637 M) Highest Peak: Aroya Konda ( Chintapalli, Vishakapatnam; 1680 M)
8. Annai Mudi peak in the Annai Malai hills in Kerala; which is highest peak in Deccan plateau
9. One of the main feature of Peninsula plateau is Black soil.
Thar Desert
Known as Great Indian Desert
Largest desert in India
Area - 2 Lakh Sq.Km
It covers large part of Western Rajasthan & small part of Haryana & Pakistan
Consists of high degrees surface with high & low sand dunes
Average Annual Rainfall - 100 to 150 MM
River in desert is Luni
It consists of only one river
Longest canal in India is Indira Gandhi Canal in Desert (650 KM)
Locates in North - West Leeward side of Aravallis
Leeward side - The rain shadow region opposite to wind ward side of a mountain
Major Relief Features
INDO - GANGETIC PLAINS
This is the region between Himalayas & Peninsular Plateaus
Northern plains
Plains areas are called low lands
In the past, they are valleys but by himalayas with perinnial rivers & debries are throw in that valley thus Indo Gangetic Plains are formed
Consists of pebbles, gravel, rock, silt & debries
Formed by Perinnial rivers
These are formed by 3 Major rivers
1. Indus
2. Ganga
3. Brahmaputra
Area - 7 lakh Sq.Km
Distance - above 3,200 km
Width - 150 to 300 km
Elevation - 2000 to 3000 M
Northern Plains are divided into 3 parts
1. Western part - Indus
2. Central part - Ganga & its tributatries
3. Eastern part - Brahmaputra
Indus Tributaries/ Punjab having 5 water bodies
RSJCB
R - Ravi
S - Sutlej
J - Jhelum
C - Chenab
B - Beas
Doab
The fertile land between 2 rivers found in Punjab & Haryana
Do in hindi is two
Ab in Punjab is water
Ganga Tributaries
Sone, Kosi, Chambal, Gandak
Ganga extends from Gaggar to Teesta
Brahmaputra Tributaries
Lohit & Dibang
Indo Gangetic Plains - 4 land forms
1. Bhabar
2. Terai
3. Bhangar
4. Khadar
1. Bhabar
Himalayan rivers flow down
Deposit silt, gravel, pebbles
Narrow belt - 8 to 16 km
Bottom of Shivaliks
2. Terai
Silt, debries
Swamy & marshy forested area
South to the Bhabar
Agriculture
3. Bhangar
South to terai area
Old Alluvial plains
4. Khadar
New alluvial plains
South the Bhangar region
Significance of Indo Gangetic Plains
1. Since the land is flat, it is very easy to construct irrigation projects, dams, canals, navigation
2. It has excellent road & railway network which are more helpful for the establishment of many industries
3. With 40% of the total population of India, these plains have high density of population
4. Hence it is called Heart of India
5. Without northern plains, Indian economy will be decreased/reduced
Major Relief Features
THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU
Indian plateau is also known as Peninsular plateau
It is surrounded by 3 sides of water
Plateaus are known as table lands
South to Indo gangetic plains
Area - 15 lakh Sq.Km
Height - 600 to 900 M
Irregular triangular shape
Formed by hard igneous & metamorphic rocks
Topography tilted towards east
Consists of large & small plateaus, hills, river basins, valleys
About 600 million years ago it was a part of Gondwana & Volcanic origin.
Greater Peninsulr Plateau division
1. Malwa Plateau (Central highlands)
2. Deccan Plateau (Peninsular Plateau)
The river Narmada divides these 2 Plateaus
1. Malwa Plateau
1. Found south to the plains
2. It is in irregular triangle shape
3. Slightly slopes/bends towards Gangetic Plains
4. Malwa Plateau - (North - Aravalli; East - Baghelkhand; South - Vindhya ranges; West - Desert)
5. Malwa Plateau regions are dry
6. Rivers are not Perinnial
7. Rich in minerals - gold,coal, mica, manganese, diamonds etc.
8. Chota Nagpur Plateau - Located Eastern part of the Malwa Plateau
2. Deccan Plateau
1. South to Narmada river
2. Deccan plateau shape is triangle
3. Deccan Plateau - (North - Satpura ranges ; West - Western Ghats ; East - Eastern Ghats & South - Kanyakumari)
4. Most of it formed by Volcanic erruption
5. Height - 900 M (Western Ghats) & 300 M (Eastern Ghats)
6. Consists of Western Ghats & Eastern Ghats
7. Western Ghats Eastern Ghats Begins from Khandeshi to Kanyakumari Begins from Mahanadi Valley to Niligiri hills Continuous its structure Discontinuous in structure Higher in elevation Lower in elevation 2000 M from Arabian sea 900 M from Bay of Bengal Area extends about 1200 Sq.Km Extends about 500 - 1000 Sq.Km Source of rivers Source of fertile lands Famous hills :Annai Mabi, Palani & Cardamom hills, Ooty (Udagamandalam) Famou hills:Nalla Malai . Veli kondas, Pala Kondas Highest Peak : Dodabetta (2637 M) Highest Peak: Aroya Konda ( Chintapalli, Vishakapatnam; 1680 M)
8. Annai Mudi peak in the Annai Malai hills in Kerala; which is highest peak in Deccan plateau
9. One of the main feature of Peninsula plateau is Black soil.
Thar Desert
Known as Great Indian Desert
Largest desert in India
Area - 2 Lakh Sq.Km
It covers large part of Western Rajasthan & small part of Haryana & Pakistan
Consists of high degrees surface with high & low sand dunes
Average Annual Rainfall - 100 to 150 MM
River in desert is Luni
It consists of only one river
Longest canal in India is Indira Gandhi Canal in Desert (650 KM)
Locates in North - West Leeward side of Aravallis
Leeward side - The rain shadow region opposite to wind ward side of a mountain