This hypertension concept map nursing depicts the various causes of hypertension. High blood pressure is also termed hypertension. It can cause serious health problems and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and even death. Blood pressure is the force exercised by a person's blood against the walls of their blood vessels. This pressure is determined by the resistance of the blood vessels and the amount of work required by the heart. Hypertension is a major cardiovascular disease cause, including stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and aneurysms. As shown in this hypertension concept map nursing, controlling blood pressure is critical for maintaining health and lowering the risk of these dangerous conditions.
Medical Interventions includemedication & surgical methods asa way to control orAny examination,treatment, or other act havingPreventive, diagnostic therapeutic orrehabilitative aims and whichis carried out.
Signs & Symptoms
Fatigue
Nose Bleeds
Renin InhibitorsDirect renin inhibitors black the enzyme renin fromtriggering a process that helps regulate blood pressure.As a result, blood vessels relax and widen, makingit easier for blood to flow through the vessesls, which lowers blood pressure.Example: Aliskiren
Calcium CHannel AntagonistReduce peripheral vascular resistance; No adverse CNS ormetabolic effects An option for second-line therapy,generally with a thiazide-type diuretic use at low doses(pharmacokinetics change with advancing age) do not use short-acting CCAs to treat HTN
ACE InhibitorsCan be used as initial monotherapy for simple HTN in older patients,especially men Generally well tolerated (except for cough)No adverse CNS or metabolic effectsWell suited to patients with diabetes and those with LVsystolic dysfunction
Thiazide DiureticsThe thiazides are the most commonly used oral diurtics and are widelyUsed in the therapy of hypertension and congestive heart failure,as well as the treatment of edema due to local, renal and hepatic cuses.Examples: Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ), Acetazolamide, Methazolamide
Beta Blockersreat several different types of conditions, includinghypertension (high blood pressure), angina, some abnormal heartrhythms, heart attack (myocardial infarction), anxiety, migraine,glaucoma, and overactive thyroid symptoms.Examples: Metoprolol, Atenolol, Carvedilol, Labetalol
Amgiotensin II Receptor BlockersExamples: Lodartan, Valsarfan, Olmesartan & Irbesartan
Flushed, pale orRed Skin
Feeling Confused(off and on)
Dizzy
Headache
Syncope
Irregular hearbeat
Visual Disturbances
Nausea & Vomitting
Ringing in ears
Syncope
Shortness of breath
High Blood Pressure
Normal Values:Systolic = <120 mmHgDystolic = <80 mmHg
MedicalInterventions
PATHOPHY SIOLOGY
Hypertension isthe elevation of theSystolic or DystollPressure Values.
Increased RiskFactors
Family history and physiologicco-morbidities. Affican Americans are at ahigher risk than Caucasians Obesity,a sedentary lifestyle and Stress,Smoking alcohol, high-fat & high-sodium diets,individuals with elevatedlipid panels are at a higher level of risk
BP increases with age,especially SBP and pulsepressure (differencebetween SBP and DBP)
Epidemiology
In Americans >65 yeard,the prevalence of hypertension (HTN)is : 50% to 70%Highest among blacksHigher in women than men.
