MindMap Gallery Mind Map of Mendelian Genetics - Heredity Part II

Mind Map of Mendelian Genetics - Heredity Part II

This mindmap covers Mendelian genetics - Heredity. It has the following sub - topics covered: - Introduction to heredity - Hereditary traits and Genetics - Monohybrid Inheritance - Mendel's Monohybrid Experiment Mendel, on the other hand, thought that heredity was the consequence of distinct units of inheritance, and that each unit (or gene) was autonomous in what it did within a person's genome. This Mendelian idea states that the transmission of these units determines whether a trait will be inherited. Hope you can find more interesting templates here in EdrawMind Gallery.

Edited at 2022-06-28 11:54:14

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Mind Map of Mendelian Genetics - Heredity Part II

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Outline

Mendelian genetics - Heredity Part II

Introduction to heredity

gene

a section of dna at a specific location on the chromosome

contains information that determines a trait

mendelian trait

single trait determined by 1 gene

somatic cell

any cell in the body apart from gametes

Gamete

Sex cell

Hereditary traits and Genetics

hereditary trait

characteristic that can be passed on from one generation to another

examples:

wet or dry earwax

attached / detached earlobe

skin colour

hair colour

eye colour

blood type

face shape

chin shape

ability to roll tongue

Monohybrid Inheritance

inheritance of 1 characteristic with 2 contrasting forms controlled by a single gene

each gene is made up of a pair of alleles

alleles can be dominant or recessive

homologous chromosomes

exist in pairs where

one chromosome comes from the male parent

one chromosome comes from the female parent

both have the exact same gene loci

gene

unit of inheritance found on a particular locus of a chromosome

small portion of DNA in a chromosome that controls a particular characteristic or protein in an organism

alleles

alternative version of a gene that occupy the same locus on a pair of homologous chromosomes

can exist in 2 forms:

dominant

dominant allele will express itself in both homozygous dominant and heterozygous conditions

recessive

recessive allele will only express itself in a homozygous recessive genotype

Phenotype

traits of an organism that can be seen

influences by genotype + environment

Genotype

genetic make-up of an organism that is inherited from its parents

Homozygous organism (for a certain trait)

happens if the 2 alleles controlling the trait are the same

possible combinations:

homozygous dominant (TT)

homozygous recessive (tt)

Heterozygous organism (for a certain trait)

happens if the 2 alleles controlling the trait are not the same

possible combination: Tt

Mendel's Monohybrid Experiment

Mendel cross-bred pure-bred Tall pea plants with pure-bred dwarf plants

F1 Generation hybrids all turned out to be tall plants

After the F1 offspring self - fertilized and produced seeds, F2 Generation plants came up

Ratio of tall plants to dwarf plants: 3 : 1(approx)

why?

genes are responsible for this

each charactersitic is controlled by a pair of factors in the cells

If the 2 factors are different, only the dominant factor will express itself

both the tall and short plants are pure bred

however, only the tall alleles were dominant and the short alleles were recessive

so when the 2 dominant tall gametes fused with the 2 recessive short gametes, the dominant alleles were expressed

this resulted in 1 dwarf and 3 tall hybrid plants

Genetic models

can be used to explain how alleles are passed on to offspring

predict the traits that will be displayed by the offspring