MindMap Gallery Solar system
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Solar system
The solar system is a fascinating and complex celestial arrangement that comprises the sun, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies. This mind map is designed to delve into the intricate details of our solar system, exploring its components, characteristics, and the vast expanse of space it occupies. By visually mapping out this information, we can gain a deeper understanding of the solar system's marvels and the interplay of its celestial inhabitants.
Edited at 2022-05-11 15:43:00
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- Outline
Solar System
Planet
Terrestrial Planet
Mercury
1. Smallest planet in solar system and the closest to the Sun, named after Roman god Mercurius
2. It takes 87.97 Earth days to orbit around the Sun
3. Its apparent distance from the Sun as viewed from Earth never exceeds 28°
4. It is tidally locked with the Sun in a 3:2 spin-orbit resonance
5. Mercury’s axis has the smallest tilt of any of the solar system’s planets for about 1/30 degree
6. Having almost atmosphere to retain heat, its surface temperature vary diurnally ranging from -173 °C at night to 427 °C during the day
7. No known natural satellites
Venus
1. 2nd planet from the Sun
2. Third smallest planet, known as Earth’s “sister planet”
3. A day on Venus is longer than a year: takes longer (243 Earth days) to rotate once on its axis than to complete on orbit ( 224.7 Earth days) of the Sun
4. Its mean temperature is 464°C which is hotter than Mercury due to high concentration of 96% CO2 in Venus’ atmosphere
5. Unlike other planets, Venus rotate clockwise on its axis as it is being upside down
6. It is the 2nd brightest natural object after the Moon. The clouds of sulphuric aid in venus’ atmosphere make it reflective and shiny
7. It has 92 times the atmospheric pressure of Earth
8. Does not have any moons
Earth-Moon System
Moon
1. Known as the natural satellite that orbit planets and asteroids in the solar system
2. Earth has 1 moon and there are more than 200 moons in the solar system
3. Except mercury and venus, most of the planets have moons
4. Saturn and Jupiter have the most moons
5. Earth’s moon: The only natural satellite that stabilizes force that makes the planet a more pleasant place for life
6. Saturn moons: some moons form its beautiful ring
Earth
1. 3rd planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life
2. About 71% of Earth's surface is made up of water. The remaining 29% of Earth's surface is land
3. Earth’s atmosphere consists mostly nitrogen and oxygen
4. It is an ellipsoid with circumference of about 40,000km
5. It is the densest planet in the solar system
6. Earth is about 8 light minutes away from the Sun and takes about 365.25 Earth days to orbit it
7. Rotates around its own axis in just 23 hours and 56 minutes
8. Earth tilts about 23.5°, producing seasons
9. Has one permanent natural satellite, the Moon which orbits Earth at 380,000km (1.3 light seconds)
Mars
1. 4th planet from the Sun, second smallest planet
2. Iron oxide on its surface gives its striking reddish colouring
3. Has thin atmosphere, crust that composed of elements similar to Earth’s crust, core that made of iron and nickel
4. Has two small, irregularly shaped moons, Phobos and Deimos
5. No liquid water exist on the surface of Mars low atmospheric pressure which is less than 1% of Earth’s atmospheric pressure
Gas Giant
Jupiter
1. 5th planet from the Sun, largest planet
2. Third brightest natural object after moon and venus
3. Made of hydrogen and helium
4. The planet’s shape is an oblate spheroid due to rapid rotation of 45,300 km/
5. The latitudinal bands are with turbulence and storms along their interacting boundaries, resulted in Great Red Spot (a giant storm)
6. Surrounded by a faint planetary ring system and a powerful magnetosphere
7.. It has 80 known moons including Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto
8. Jupiter does not generate energy to release light and heat
Saturn
1. 6th planet from the Sun
2. 2nd largest plant in the solar system
3. Made of hydrogen and helium
4. Beautiful ring made up of ice particles and rocks coated with other materials such as dust
5. 53 confirmed moons with 29 additional provisional moons awaiting confirmation
6. The only planet with an average density that is less than water
Ice Giant
Uranus
1. 7th planet from the sun
2. 3rd largest planet
3. One of the 2 ice giants in the outer solar system
80% of the planet’s mass is made up of a hot dense fluids of “ice” materials: water, methane, and ammonia
4. Gets its blue-green colour from methane gas in the atmosphere
5. First planet found with the aid of a telescope
6. Cold and windy
7. Surrounded by 27 small moons
8. Rotated at a nearly 90-degree angle from the plan of its orbit, making it appear to spin on its side
Neptune
1. 8th planet from the sun
2. One of the 2 ice giants
3. Most distant planet in the solar system
4. The only planet not visible to the naked eye
5. Made up of hot dense fluid of “icy” materials: water, methane and ammonia
6. Has darker blue than Uranus
7. Has 14 known moons; the largest moon discovered is Triton
8. Takes 164 years to orbit around the sun
Sun
1. The star at the center of the solar system
2. Radiating energy mainly as visible light, uv light and infrared radiation
3. Diameter about 1.39 million km (109 times that of Earth)
4. its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth
5. It accounts for about 99.86% of total mass of Solar system
6. Roughly three quarters of Sun’s mass consists of hydrogen (~73%), 7. the rest ismostly helium (~25%), with oxygen, carbon, neon and iron
Trans-Neptunian Objects
Kuiper Belt
1. Contains objects with an average distance to the Sun of 30 to about 55AU
2. Further classified into classical and resonant objects of the Kuiper Belt
Scattered Disk
1. Contains objects farther from the Sun, with every eccentric and inclined orbits
2. These orbits are non-resonant and non-planetary-orbit-crossing.
3. The objects can be further divided into the “typical” SDOs and detached objects.
Oort Cloud
1. Surround the Sun at distances ranging from 2,000 to 200,000 AU
2. Divided into two regions: a disc-shaped inner Oort cloud and a spherical outer Oort cloud.
Features
1. Any minor lanet in the solar system that orbits the Sun at a greater average distance than Neptune, which has a semi-major axis of 30.1 astronomical units
2. It composed of 3 regions: Kuiper Belt, scattered disk and Oort Cloud
3. First trans-Neptunian object to be discovered was Pluto in 1930
4. The most massive TNO known is Eris followed by Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Gonggong
5. More than 80 satellites have been discovered in orbit of TNOs
6. TNOs vary in color and are either grey-blue (BB) or very red (RR)
Meteor
1. Meteorids: space rocks; objects in space that range in size from dust grains to small asteroids
2. Meteors: it is when meteoroids enter the Earth's atmosphere at high speed and burn up
3. Meteorite: when a meteoroid hits the ground
Dwarf Planet
1. There are likely thousands of dwarf planets waiting to be discovered beyond Neptune
2. The 5 best-known dwarf planets: Ceres (smallest and closest to the sun), Pluto, Makemake (no atmosphere), Haumea (oval in shape due to the its fast rotation; takes 285 years to orbit the sun) and Eris (bigger than pluto; 557 years to orbit around the su)
3. Ceres lies in the main asteroid belt while others are located in the Kuiper Belt
4. They are considered dwarfs as they are massive, round and orbit the sun, but have not cleared their orbital path
Asteroid
1. Rocky, airless remnants left over from the early formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago
2. They are found orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter within the Asteroid belt
Comet
1. Frozen leftovers from the formation of solar system
2. Composed of dust, rosk and ices
3. Range froom a few miles to tens of miles wide
4. As they orbit closer to the sun, they heap up and spew gases and dust into a glowing head
5. This material forms a tail that steahes millions of miles