MindMap Gallery Atom Element Compound
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Atom Element Compound
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Edited at 2021-10-18 07:02:06
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Concept-Map-Atom-Element-Compound
Matter
What is Matter?
3 states:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Matter can change between the 3 states: solid to liquid (melting), liquid to gas (evaporation), gas to liquid (condensation), liquid to sold (freezing), solid to gas (sublimation), and gas to solid (deposition)
Particle theory of matter: matter is composed of tiny objects called particles, particles have space between them, particles are always in motion, and particles in a substance attract each other.
Classifying Matter
Classifies as a pure substance or a mixture
Pure substances are either elements or compounds.
Mixtures can be heterogenous or homogenous.
Physical Properties
Can be easily reversed
Colour and lustre
Density
Hardness
Viscosity
Chemical Properties
Chemical reaction
Chemical change
Results in the formation of a new substace
cannot be reversed easily
Combustibility
Molecular Compounds
Properties
formed when nonmetals combine
can be any of the 3 states at room temperature
good insulators, poor conductors
Low boiling points
Naming molecular compounds
First element always stays the same
second element changes to end in "ide"
Writing formulas
Identify symbol of first element
Identify symbol of second element
Add subscripts to indicate the amount
The Atom
Important Discoveries that Shaped Atomic Theory
John Dalton
Matter is made of small invisible atoms
Atoms of an element are identical in properties
Atoms of different elements have different properties
Atoms of different elements can combine to form new substances
J.J Thomson
Used a cathode ray
Discovered electrons
Argued that all elements contain electrons
Atoms were composed of smaller particles
Created Thomson's model
Earnest Rutherford
Shot positive charged particles at pure gold
Discovered the nucleus
Revised Thomson's model
James Chadwick
Discovered neutrons
Discovered protons
Each neutron carries about the same mass as each proton.
Niels Bohr
Created Bohr diagrams
Shows that electrons reside in shells and jump between each shell by gaining or losing electrons
First shell has a maximum of two electrons
Every other shell has a maximum of eight electrons
Quantum Mechanical Model: electrons exist in specific energy levels as a cloud
The Elements
Alloys are a mixture of two or more metals
Metals: shiny, silver or grey in colour, great conductors, and malleable.
Nonmetals: there are only 17 elements
Metalloids have metallic and nonmetallic properties and are semiconductors.
A Summary of the Atom
Protons
Resides in the nucleus
Has an electric charge of 1+
Has a relative mass of 1836
Neutrons
Resides in the nucleus
Has an electric charge of 0
Has a relative mass of 1837
Electrons
Resides in energy levels surrounding the nucleus.
Has an electric charge of 1
Has a relative mass of 1
The Element Symbols
Each element has its own symbol
First letter is capital and the second is lowercase.
The Periodic Table
Atomic number
Atomic mass
Ions
Periods
Groups
Ionic Compounds
Atomic theory supports the periodic table
Group 1 elements lose 1 electron (1+ charge)
Group 2 elements lose 2 electrons (2+ charge)
Group 312 elements lose different numbers of electrons
Group 13 elements lose 3 electrons (3+ charge)
Group 14 elements can lose or gain 4 electrons (4+ 4 charge)
Group 15 elements gain 3 electrons (3 charge)
Group 16 elements gain 2 electrons (2 charge)
Group 17 elements gain 1 electron (1 charge)
Group 18 elements gain no electrons (0)
Lewis structures show the valence electrons of an atom.
Ionic compounds
High melting points
forms crystals
dissolves in water
becomes said at room temperature
Naming Ionic Compounds
First element stays the same
Second element ends in "ide"