Mind Map Gallery Respiratory System
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Respiratory System
This is a mind map that contains information about the respiratory system.
Edited at 2020-10-08 11:30:20
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- Outline
Respiratory System
Anatomy
Upper Tract lined with ciliated mucosa warms, humidifies, filters, moves dust andsecrets lysozyme.
Nose chamber for speech, nasal cavity andhouses the scent.
Pharynx passageway for for and air, housesthe tonsils.
Lower Tract
Larynx
Cartilaginors tube lined with mucusmembrane.
Voice box
formed with 3 pieces of large cartilage
Internal and External laryngeal muscles.
Production of sounds
The mucus membrane of the larynx forms asupper pair of vestibular folds and the Lowervocal folds. The vocal cords are elasticligaments stretched between rigid cartilage.
Trachea
Divids into 2 main bronchi and veryflexible.
Supported by 20 C shaped cartilage bands
Bronchi and Bronchioles
Left and right bronchi are supported by incomplete rings of cartilage.
Lungs
covered by the pleura
right lung has 3 lobes and left lung has 2lubes ands Is 10% smaller.
Each lung contains bronchi, thenbronchioles, smaller which end in alveoli.
Alveoli
25 million at birth and 300 million in adulthood.
Have tiny passage which allows them topass air to each other
2 major types of epithelial cells fro, therewaves secretes and gas exchangesurfactant.
Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Independently C02diffuses in the opposite direction becausePC02 is higher in the blood than in thealveoli.
Cellsconstantly make C02 (which raises in PC02)whilst consuming oxygen to make ATP(lowers the Pc02)
Transport of Oxygen
Oxygen doesn't dissolve well in water.
98.5% is carried by erythrocytes asoxyhemoglobin.
When P02 is high oxyhemoglobin bindtightly together and becomes saturated.
When PC02 of temp rises haemoglobinreleases oxygen more readily.
Transport of Carbon Dioxide
About 7% dissolves in the plasma.
Proteins in the blood pick up and carryanother 23% as carbonminohaemoglobin.
The majority (70%) combines with water toform carbonic acid
Bicarbonate Ions are transported in theplasma.
Factors influencing respiration
the rate and depth of breathing is mainlyinfluence by changes in PC02, P02 and pH
The branch stem has centralchemoreceptors
the aortic arch and carotid arteries haveperipheral chemoreceptors.
voluntary control by the cereal cortex.
anxiety, anticipation and commencingexercise raises respiratory rate and depth.
pain may raise or lower the respiratory rate.
irritation of the pharynx or larynx stopsbreathing then causes coughing orsneezing,
Respiratory physiology
Pulmonary
exchange of oxygen and C02
Transport of gases in the blood
regulation of ventilation
factors influencing respirated