Mind Map Gallery Neolithic Age Mind Map
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Neolithic Age Mind Map
This mind map is about Neolithic Age. Start to use a mind map to express and organize your ideas and knowledge right now.
Edited at 2020-10-08 07:45:45
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- Outline
Neolithic Age
Creation, expansion, andinteraction of economicsystems
Pastoralism a way of lifedependent on large herds ofgrazing livestock; became commonin arid regions like the Sahara
This made pastoralists, people incharge of moving the herds around tonew feeding/watering places, morecommon
State-building, expansion,and conflict
Some historians think that there were battlesbetween the farmers and the foragers, because thefarmers were clearing all the land and thereforereducing the foragers' food supply
Other historians believe that there waspeace between the farmers and theforagers
The archaelogist Colin Renfrew thinks that thefarmers with fields farthest away from their homesmoved and built settlements closer to their fields,leading to a peaceful expansion of farmers
The population of farmers steadilyincreased because they had adependable food supply
Studies show that farmers spreadfrom southeast Europe to northwestEurope
Development andinteraction of cultures
Religion
Farmers andforagers haddifferent religions
Farmers' religion: focused on MotherEarth, the Sky God, and the gods offire, wind, and rain
Foragers' religion: focused onsacred groves, springs, and wildanimals
Kinship led to respect and reverencefor dead ancestors; old people gotfancy burials
People built megaliths for theirreligions; one example isStonehenge
The town of Catal Huyuk was very religious therewas 1 shrine for every 2 houses! Statues of fatwomen suggest that the people worshipped afemale goddess
Development andtransformation of socialstructures
Farming communities wereconnected through kinshipand marriage
This led to land owned bykinship units, aka lineages orclans
Researchers think that there wasmore emphasis on one's mother'slineage
Several Neolithic villages grew into towns,such as Jericho and Catal Huyuk; however,Catal Huyuk did not have a social classsystem
Women seemed to be more powerful than men -they administered the religion in Catal Yuyuk,lineage was traced through one's mother, andresearchers think that women might have ruled inearly times.
Art
The people in the town CatalHuyuk were into art theypainted hunting scenes
Interaction betweenhumans and theenvironment
The rise of agriculture led to the decline ofwandering, nomadic people instead,humans began building permanentsettlements
Humans started growing foodand burning down trees tocreate space
Because farmers' diets were lessvaried, farmers tended to be shorterand more susceptible to disease thanforagers
Farming settlements were VERY vulnerableto disease because of all the human waste,vermin/insects, and the domesticatedanimals
Humans developed irrigation, a systemused to bring water to the fields in dryareas
Metalworking became popular
Agricultural revolution
People didn't hunt asmuch as they used to
Food production (growingplants) became morecommon
Lots of new stone tools: stone headsto work the soil, stone chips stuck inbone to cut grass, and stone mortarsto cut grain
Fire used to cleartrees/bushes, so plants couldbe grown
Shifting cultivation farmers grewplants on one section of land forseveral years, then left thatsection fallow (inactive) to let itregain fertility while they useddifferent fields for a while
People alsobegandomesticatinganimals for meat,milk, wool, andenergy; also,animal droppingsmade greatfertilizer
Happened all over the world
Greece grew wheat andbarley starting in 6000 BC
Middle East people rotated betweengrowing different plants, to keep thesoil fertile
Eastern Sahara grew wheat andbarley; raised sheep, goats, andcattle
South of the Sahara grewsorghums, millets, andyams
China rice;domesticated waterbuffalo
India rice, hyacinthbeans, green grams, andblack grams; domesticatedhumped-back zebu
Americas (TehuacanValley of Mexico) corn
Peru potatoes and quinoa
Mesopotamia started using agriculture in5000 BC; grew barley and vegetables; hadto use irrigation because of the dry, aridclimate
Supported a HUGEpopulation increase -there were about 2million people13,000 years ago,and there were50-100 millionpeople in 1000 BC.