Release time：2020-10-08

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time.

Edited at 2020-10-08 06:06:09

Fiona_

Diabetes Mellitus

Fiona_

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Outline

Mind-Map-Diabetes-Mellitus

Type 2

- Autosomal Dominate

- Obesity

- Insulin Resistance

- MODY: mature onset diabetes of youth

- Cause:Mutations of Glucokinase genesand 5 other genes that regulate insulin inthe pancreas

- Gene mutations

- KCNJ11; Potassium channel glucosesecretion pathology

- TCF 12; endcodes for secretion of insulin

- PPAR-y; adpocyte differentiation &amp; glucosemetabolization

Treatments

- Insulin

- Carbohydrate limitation

- Exercise: increases insulin sensitivity

Diagnostic Test

- HemeA1c

- Blood Glucose Monitoring

- Genetic marker testing

Pathophysiology

- Blindness

- Heart Disease

- Kidney Failure

- Elevated Blood Glucose

- Insulin Resistance

Chromosome 11

- Mutations on CTLA 4 ; cytotoxiclymphosyte

- PTPN22; lymphoid tyrosine phosphate

- negatively regulates T-cell activation, alsolinked to Lupus, Arthritis, Thyroid disease

Type 1 insulin dep

- Pathophyology

- T-cells infiltrate pancreas kill insulinproducing B cells

- Autoantibiodies are formed againstpancreatic cells

- Genetic Risk factors

- HLA 2 Allels gene mutation; HLA DR3,4,inappropriate autoimmune activation

- Aspartic acid on position 57 mutates andchanges shape of the molecule

- Causitive Factors

- Genetic factors not exclusively responsiblefor disorder, viral infections activateautoimmune response