Mind Map Gallery Graves Disease Concept Map
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Graves Disease Concept Map
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid. With this disease, your immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs.
Edited at 2020-10-08 05:48:27
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Graves-Disease-Concept-Map
Clinical manifestations
- opthalmopathy
- functional abnormalities
- hyperactivity of sympatheticdivision of of autonomic nervoussystem
- lag of globe on upward gaze
- lag of upper lid on downward gaze
- infiltrative changes
- orbital fat accumulation
- exophthalmos (eyeball protrusion)
- can cause damage to optic nerve
- periorbital edema
- extraoccular muscle weakness
- symptoms
- double vision
- pain
- lacrimation
- corneal ulceration
- photophobia
- pretibial myexedma
- subcutaneous swelling onanterior portions of leg
- indurated and erythematous skin
- endocrine system (thyroid)
- enlarged goiter
- hyperactivity of thyroid gland
- systolic bruit over thyroid
- hypercalcemia
- excess bone resorption leads tohypercalcemia
- decreased PTH
- diminished sensitivity to exogenous insulin
- increased insulin degradation
- reproductive system
- oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea
- related to hypothalamic andpituitary changes
- erectile dysfunction
- decreased libido
- increased estrogen
- GI
- weight loss
- increased metabolism, glucose absorption
- frequent stools
- N/V/D/A
- abdominal pain
- decreased lipid levels
- increase in cholesterol expulsion in feces
- decrease in tissue stores of vitamins
- impaired conversion of B vitamins
- cardiovascular
- tachycardia
- increased metabolism
- loud heart sounds
- dysrythmias
- hypertrophy
- nervous system
- restlessness
- increased cerebral metabolism
- short attention span
- fatigue
- tremor
- insomnia
- increased appetite
- emotional lability
- respiratory
- dyspnea
- weakness of respiratory muscles
- skin
- sweating
- Increased circulation related toincreased metabolism
- flushing
- warm skin
- heat intolerance
- hair loss
Diagnosis
- increased serum thyroid hormone levels
- TSH can be normal or elevatedif thyrotoxicosis is TSH-driven
- pituitary TSH-secreting adenoma
- pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone
- Elevated T4
- decreased TSH levels
- TSH should be 0 – .1 in thyrotoxicosis
- Values of .1 – .3 seen in mild illness
- presence of thyroid-stimulatingimmunoglobulins (TSI)
- results are almost always positive
- Photo credit:http://www.globalrph.com/labs_t.htm
Cellular changes in thyroid gland
- lymphocytic infiltrates
- follicular hypertrophy
Therapy
- antithyroid drugs
- methimazole is drug of choice
- radioactive iodine
- ablates thyroid gland
- surgery
- orbital decompression
- partial thyroidectomy
- Following treatment, hypothyroidism develops inmost individuals.
- Hypothyroidism can lead to
- Depression
- Mental and physical sluggishness
- Weight gain
- comfort measures
- prednisone to reduce eye swelling
- tape eyes closed at night to prevent drying
- sunglasses
- eye drops
Cause of 50-80% of all hyperthyroidism
- form of type 2 hypersensitivity
- stimulation of the thyroid byantibodies directed against TSHreceptor
- prevalent in women in their 30s and 40s.