MindMap Gallery Genetics
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Genetics
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Edited at 2020-09-28 14:07:57
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Genetics
DNA
Structure
Double Helix
Discovered by James Watsonand Francis Crick 1953
Nucleotide = Phosphate, baseand sugar
Base
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Replication
Enzymes (protein) break up the DNAcell and helps form identical DNAcells
Cell Division
Mitosis Somatic (body) cells
Stages:
Interphase: where DNA getsphotocopied (starts of as mothercell)
Prophase: Centrioles produce spindle fibers(like spaghetti), sister chromatids (2 sets),nuclear membrane dissolves
Metaphase: Chromatids line up on metaphase plate(middle), spindle fibers connect to centromere,centrioles go to opposite poles (like north and southpole)
Anaphase: Spindle fibers pullchromatids apart and move to theends of cells
Telophase: Nucleus forms (ends asdaughter cells), chromosomesdecondense
Cytokinesis: Division of cytoplasm
Gamete Production: Meiosis(Reproductive cells)
Meiosis I
Interphase I: Chromosomes duplicate
Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair andexchange segments/switch and crossover (Synapsis pairing of homologs to form tetrads/4 pairs ofchromosomes)
Metaphase: Tetrads line up inthe middle
Pairs of homologous chromosomessplit up (becomes sister chromatidsagain)
Telophase & Cytokinesis: Two haploid (halfof the original information) cells form;chromosomes still double
Meiosis II
Prophase II: Spindle fibers form again
Metaphase II: Sister chromatids(23) line up in the middle
Anaphase: Sister chromatidsseparate = 23 chromosomes
Telophase II: Haploid daughtercells forming
Sister chromatids finally separate; fourhaploid daughter cells result, containingsingle chromosomes
Haploid (n): 1 set ofchromosomes in gametes
Diploid (2n): 2 sets ofchromosomes. One from eachparent
Genes
Code for specific trait
Chromosomes
DNA coiled around proteins
Human: 46
23 pairs
First 22 pairs are called autosomes
23rd pair called sexgender
Human Genome Project
Complete copy of the entireset of human gene instructions
2003