Mind Map Gallery Network Protocol and Communications
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Network Protocol and Communications
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Edited at 2020-09-28 12:47:41
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- Outline
Network Protocol and Communications
Summary
Conclusion
Lab Installing Wireshark
Wireshark is a software protocolanalyzer, or "packet sniffer"application, used for networktroubleshooting, analysis,software and protocoldevelopment, and education.Wireshark is used throughout thecourse to demonstrate networkconcepts. In this lab, you willdownload and install Wireshark.
Lab Using Wireshark to ViewNetwork Traffic
In this lab, you will use Wiresharkto capture and analyze traffic.
Class Activity Guaranteed toWork!
You have just completed theChapter 3 content regardingnetwork protocols andstandards.
Assuming you resolved thebeginning of this chapter’smodeling activity, how wouldyou compare the following stepstaken to design acommunications system to thenetworking models used forcommunications?
Establishing a language tocommunicate
Dividing the message into smallsteps, delivered a little at a time,to facilitate understanding of theproblem
Checking to see if the data hasbeen delivered fully and correctly
Timing needed to ensure qualitydata communication and delivery
Data Transfer in the Network
Message Segmentation
In theory, a singlecommunication, such as a musicvideo or an email message, couldbe sent across a network from asource to a destination as onemassive, uninterrupted stream ofbits. If messages were actuallytransmitted in this manner, itwould mean that no other devicewould be able to send or receivemessages on the same networkwhile this data transfer was inprogress. These large streams ofdata would result in significantdelays. Further, if a link in theinterconnected networkinfrastructure failed during thetransmission, the completemessage would be lost and haveto be retransmitted in full.
Data Encapsulation
Encapsulation Example
When sending messages on anetwork, the encapsulationprocess works from top tobottom. At each layer, the upperlayer information is considereddata within the encapsulatedprotocol. For example, the TCPsegment is considered datawithin the IP packet.
Click Play in the figure to see theencapsulation process as a webserver sends a web page to a webclient.
Deencapsulation
This process is reversed at the receivinghost, and is known as deencapsulation.Deencapsulation is the process used by areceiving device to remove one or more ofthe protocol headers. The data isdeencapsulated as it moves up the stacktoward the enduser application.
Click Play in the figure to see thedeencapsulation process.
Standard Organizations
Open Standards
Open Standards
Open standards encourageinteroperability, competition,and innovation. They alsoguarantee that no singlecompany’s product canmonopolize the market, or havean unfair advantage over itscompetition.
A good example of this is whenpurchasing a wireless router forthe home. There are manydifferent choices available from avariety of vendors, all of whichincorporate standard protocolssuch as IPv4, DHCP, 802.3(Ethernet), and 802.11 (WirelessLAN).
Internet Standards
Internet Standards
Standards organizations areusually vendorneutral,nonprofit institutionsestablished to develop andpromote the concept of openstandards. Various organizationshave different responsibilities forpromoting and creatingstandards for the TCP/IPprotocol.
Electronics and CommunicationsStandard Organizations
Other standard organizationshave responsibilities forpromoting and creating theelectronic and communicationstandards used to deliver the IPpackets as electronic signals overa wired or wireless medium
Lab Researching NetworkingStandards
Reference Model
The Benefits of Using a LayeredModel
The Benefits of Using a LayeredModel
The benefits to using a layeredmodel to describe networkprotocols and operations include:
Assisting in protocol designbecause protocols that operateat a specific layer have definedinformation that they act uponand a defined interface to thelayers above and below.
Fostering competition becauseproducts from different vendorscan work together.
Preventing technology orcapability changes in one layerfrom affecting other layers aboveand below.
Providing a common language todescribe networking functionsand capabilities.
The OSI Reference Model
The TCP/IP Protocol Model
OSI Model and TCP/IP ModelComparison
Reference Models
Activity Identify Layers andFunctions
Packet Tracer Investigating theTCP/IP and OSI Models in Action
OSI Model and TCP/IP ModelComparison
The protocols that make up theTCP/IP protocol suite can also bedescribed in terms of the OSIreference model. In the OSImodel, the network access layerand the application layer of theTCP/IP model are further dividedto describe discrete functionsthat must occur at these layers.
The TCP/IP Protocol Model
The TCP/IP protocol model forinternetwork communicationswas created in the early 1970sand is sometimes referred to asthe Internet model. As shown inthe figure, it defines fourcategories of functions that mustoccur for communications to besuccessful. The architecture of theTCP/IP protocol suite follows thestructure of this model. Becauseof this, the Internet model iscommonly referred to as theTCP/IP model.
The OSI Reference Model
The OSI model provides anextensive list of functions andservices that can occur at eachlayer. It also describes theinteraction of each layer with thelayers directly above and below.The TCP/IP protocols discussedin this course are structuredaround both the OSI and TCP/IPmodels. Click each layer of theOSI model to view the details.
Network Protocols andStandards
Protocols
Rules that GovernCommunications
Salah satu cara terbaik untukmemvisualisasikan bagaimanaprotokol dalam sebuah suiteberinteraksi adalah denganmelihat interaksi sebagaitumpukan. Tumpukan protokolmenunjukkan bagaimanamasingmasing protokol dalamsebuah suite diimplementasikan.
Network Protocols
Network Protocols Pada tingkatmanusia, beberapa peraturankomunikasi bersifat formal danyang lainnya hanya dipahamiberdasarkan kebiasaan danpraktik. Agar perangkat berhasilberkomunikasi, suite protokoljaringan harus menjelaskanpersyaratan dan interaksi yangtepat. Protokol jaringanmendefinisikan format umumdan serangkaian aturan untukbertukar pesan antar perangkat.Beberapa protokol jaringan yangumum adalah Hypertext TransferProtocol (HTTP), TransmissionControl Protocol (TCP), danInternet Protocol (IP).
Protocol Interaction
Komunikasi antara web serverdan web client adalah contohinteraksi antara beberapaprotokol. Protokol yangditunjukkan pada gambartersebut meliputi:
HTTP adalah protokol aplikasiyang mengatur cara server webdan klien web berinteraksi. HTTPmendefinisikan konten danformat permintaan dantanggapan yang dipertukarkanantara klien dan server. Baikklien dan perangkat lunak serverweb menerapkan HTTP sebagaibagian dari aplikasi. HTTPbergantung pada protokol lainuntuk mengatur bagaimanapesan dikirim antara klien danserver.
IP bertanggung jawab untukmengambil segmen yangdiformat dari TCP,mengenkapsulasi mereka kedalam paket, menugaskanmereka alamat yang sesuai, danmengantarkannya ke hosttujuan.
Ethernet adalah protokol aksesjaringan yang menjelaskan duafungsi utama: komunikasimelalui link data dan transmisifisik data pada media jaringan.Protokol akses jaringanbertanggung jawab untukmengambil paket dari IP danmemformatnya agar dikirimmelalui media.
TCP adalah protokol transportyang mengelola percakapanindividual. TCP membagi pesanHTTP menjadi beberapa bagiankecil, disebut segmen.
Rules Of Communications
The Rules
Message encoding adalah Salahsatu langkah pertama untukmengirim pesan adalahpengkodean. Encoding adalahproses mengubah informasimenjadi bentuk lain yang dapatditerima, untuk transmisi.Decoding membalik proses iniuntuk menafsirkan informasi.