MindMap Gallery How to Read A Book
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How to Read A Book
To control activated sludge, you need to "have a handle" either on aeration, sludge-wasting, or return-sludge flow.
Edited at 2020-09-24 07:42:46
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- Outline
How to Read A Book
How to Read
The Energy of Reading
Situation
too much or too less ➡️Hard to understand
Actively reading
actively
get message
get understand
get enjoyment
study
guiding learning
Guidance
self learning
Be a high-standard reader
1、What is the theme?
2、 What are the facts？
3、Is it true?
4、 What the relations with this book？
Is this book meaningful?
Suitable for all kinds of books
key word
important
———
more important
️less than10
code the ideas
1️⃣2️⃣3️⃣。。。
record the pages of same ideas
taking notes
simplied
last page
introduction of book
first page
overview
3 types of noting
structure
Contents Page
What kind of book is this?
What is this book talking about?
What kind of overall structure does the author use to develop or state his views?
Concept
write in blank space
write down the opinion of writer
pages
theme read
pages
Debate
write the different opinions in white paper
discuss the situation and debate
To form a habit
just like ：⛷🎾...
Levels of reading
Basic reading
word
Scanning
Focused and systematic
Analytical reading
understand
Subject reading
eg：personal research
theme
Basic reading
Basic reading
Reading preparation stage
Literacy
Word Growth and Text Application
High school literacy
View reading
Skimming
type1
Systematic skimming
Title, Preface
theme
Set type, find similar
table of Contents
Architecture
index
key word
Number of pages
Publisher introduction
Know the theme
Pick a few chapters that are closely related to the topic
Beginning, ending
Mess around
Turn around, one or two paragraphs, occasionally a few pages
Last few pages
type2
Superficial reading
From beginning to end, the death skips
Reading speed
Adjust reading speed by situation
stay
Fingers faster than eyes
Analytical reading
️ These 15 rules do not apply to novels or poems
Phase 1 rules (architectural)
1. Bone: Master the structure outline
Classification
Fiction
Argumentation
Theoretical works (emphasis: know)
history
science
philosophy
Practical works (emphasis: OK)
eg: economics, politics, cookbook
A book likes a house.
A book likes a house.
Summary
Find the skeleton and summarize a book in one sentence or a short paragraph
Overall structure
List important chapters and explain how they form the overall structure
problem
Find out the questions asked by the author, prioritize themPhase 2 rules (interpretative)
Phase 2 rules (interpretative)
2. Meat: What are the facts?
Consensus
Identify important words and reach consensus with the author Judging the subject matter of the author
Judging the subject matter of the author
Subject
Circle the most important sentences and find the main point
Use your own words or give examples, experiments
Discussion
Structure the basic exposition of a book from the correlation of related sentences
1. All discourses include statements
2. Distinguish the difference between the two discourses
3. Find hypothetical, verifiable, self-evident truth
Answer
Find out the author's answer
problem
1. resolved
have not decide
2. Resolvable
3. Unsolvable
Phase 3 rules (commentary)
Judge a book
Know and comment
Unless you have completed the outline structure and can interpret this book. Otherwise, don't comment lightly
1. 同意
2. 不同意
3. 我暂缓评论
Rational comment
Express your opinions rationally, don't argue or argue unreasonably
Focus on truth and learning, not on winning or losing in debate
After distinguishing knowledge and personal opinions, comment
Find the theoretical basis!
Agree or disagree with the author
Special standards for critical views
1️⃣2️⃣证明作者的知识不足
1️⃣3️⃣证明作者的知识错误
1️⃣4️⃣证明作者不合逻辑
1️⃣5️⃣证明作者的分析和理由是不完整的
Prove that the author’s knowledge is insufficient
Prove that the author’s knowledge is wrong
Prove that the author is illogical
prove that the author’s analysis and reasons are incomplete
Auxiliary read
That is, external reading, after ❗️ internal reading, return When you don’t understand, you should seek external help
1. Relevant experience
General experience
Special experience
2. Other books
️Time sequence
3. Introduction, Abstract
️Post-reading guide
4. Reference book
Use reference book
Ask a wise question
Know where to find the answer
Know how to use reference books
Know what you are looking for and in which reference book you can find
Dictionary
About text
Text is material
Can be written in words, can speak
Words are part of language
Text is a symbol
Meaningful, polysemous, synonymous
The text is made by convention
Has a history
encyclopedia
About fact
Fact is a statement
eg: Lincoln was born on September 12, 180
Facts are a "true" statement
Facts are not opinions
eg: The statement that most people reach a consensus
Fact is a reflection of truth
Facts may be
News
Unquestioned inference
eg: Lincoln’s birthday
Facts are a certain degree of convention
eg: Spring silkworms will end up when they die (a fact in the eyes of the ancients, but a fact in the eyes of the present)
Facts are true statements, Or the true statement in a certain period
The Way to Read Different Books
Practical book
Any practical book cannot solve the practical problems that the book cares about
The unity of knowledge and action
main content
rule
eg: Cooking and driving guide
The principle behind the rules
eg: Economic, political and moral books
Questions that apply to all books
1. What is the theme？
2、 What are the facts？
4️⃣➡️Find out what the author wants you to do
8️⃣➡️Understand his purpose for you to do this
3、Is it true?
Judge right or wrong and decide whether to accept
4、 What does this book do to you?
Whether to act
想象文学
Don't resist the influence that imaginative literature brings to you
Don’t look for consensus, subject, argument
Do not criticize novels with standards that are consistent with the truth and apply to the transmission of knowledge
Rules
Only need to answer 1.2.3, No need to answer 4 because Beauty itself is the only reason for existence.
Architectural rules
Classification
Lyrics
Fiction and drama
To the effect
The main idea of the story is always in the plot
Overall structure
Find out how the parts are structured
These outline steps will let you know how the author is Imaginary world to complete a work
2. Interpretative rules
Elements (flesh and blood)
episode
event
Character
Character's thoughts, words and deeds, feelings and actions
Consensus is related to the theme
nterpretation
Subtopic
3. Commentary rules
Objective comments
Don’t criticize an imaginary work before you truly appreciate the experience the author is trying to create for you
Say you like or hate, but also explain why
Stories, plays, poems
Stories, plays, poems
The suggestions for reading story books
Concentrate and finish reading in one go
Novels can compress time
The most important thing is to let imagination literature work on you
drama
Imagine being a director
Read poetic lines aloud
tragedy
Read suggestions for the Greek tragedy
1. The essence of tragedy lies in "lack of time"
The decision should be completed in a short time and is prone to errors
2. Greek tragedy actors wear high boots, that is, the actor is taller than the narrator
poetry
epic
"Iliad"
The Odyssey
"Aeneas"
"The Divine Comedy"
"Paradise Lost"
"Bible"
Lyrics
Suggestions for reading lyrics
1. ❗️Read it in one go (very important) ❗️
2. Reread it again-read it out loud
3. Good poetry requires repeated study
History book
Suggestions for reading history books
1. Multi-angle observation
More than one type of history books should be read for events or periods of interest
2. Focus on history and present
The influence of history on the present
1. Subject
What the book talks about; nothing talks about
2. Writing method
Separate chapters according to age, period, generation, character...
3. Real?
Does happen, may happen
4. What do I do
History is experience that can help us avoid making mistakes
biography
Read as much relevant information as possible
Current event
rule
Readers should keep their eyes open! Understand the author's interest considerations and read carefully
Know who is writing
1. What does the author want to prove?
On the cover or foreword
2. Who does he want to convince?
Is an insider or someone who can act
3. What is his special knowledge?
or say prejudice, idea
4. What is the special language he uses?
eg: One Belt One Road···(Consensus)
5. Does he really know what he is talking about?
Science, mathematics
Read scientific advice
Understand science
Understand the problem that the scientist wants to solve and the background of the problem
Understand the evidence for the theoretical basis
Able to experiment
Reading math advice
Just understand the related issues (layman)
philosophy
Questions should be childish and simple, and answers should be as mature and wise as a wise man
problem
Number one problem
Exist and happen
theory
Good and evil
practical
Second overall question
How to express ideas in words
Philosophical style
1. Philosophical Dialogue
2. Philosophy Essay or Prose
3. Face objections
4. Systematization of Philosophy
Similar to mathematical organization
5. Motto form
Philosophers disagree
May point out a big unsolved problem
You know
It’s okay, just clarify your ideas
The only way to answer philosophical questions is to think, think deeply
social science
Reading focuses on events or issues
The Ultimate Purpose of Reading
Subject reading
准备阶段（观察研究范围）
设计书单
浏览，确定书单
主题阅读步骤
1. 找出相关章节
主题最重要，而不是书！
2. 共识
根据主题创立一组中立的词汇，带引作者与你达成共识 （即：所有人都给我用我的定义！）
3. 主旨，问题
建立中立的主旨，列出问题
总结作者的潜回答吧
4. 界定主次议题
将作者对各个问题的不同意见整理陈列在议题旁边
要保持对话式的疏离与客观， 当解读某作者对一个议题的观点时， 必须从通自己的文章引用一段话来并列
5. 分析讨论
把问题和议题按顺序排列，以凸显主题。先共通性后无共通性
客观的必要性
主题阅读要面面俱到，而自己不预设立场（我只是整理、提供各种立场的声音）
Preparation stage (observation research scope)
Design Book List
Browse and confirm the book list
Subject reading steps
1. Find the relevant chapters
The theme is the most important, not the book!
2. Consensus
Create a set of neutral vocabulary based on the theme, lead the author to reach a consensus with you
3. Subject, question
Establish a neutral subject and list the issues
Summarize the author's potential answer
4. Defining primary and secondary issues
Organize and display the author’s different opinions on each issue next to the topic
To maintain a conversational alienation and objectivity,
5. Analysis and discussion
Arrange the questions and topics in order to highlight the topic. Commonality first and no commonality
Objective necessity
Subject reading should be comprehensive, and I don’t have a pre-defined position (I just organize and provide voices from various positions)
Reading and mental growth
Only a few books can improve your understanding, others just bring you information