Mind Map Gallery biology reproduction
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biology reproduction
A mind map about biology reproduction.
Edited at 2020-09-08 01:24:17
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Biology : reproduction
asexual
Mitosois
ONE parent
ordinary cell
divide into two
genetically identical cells
same genes as parents
clones
no variation in off spring
process
x shaped chromosome
2 identical halves
splits down middle
two identical half chromosomes
two sets of DNA strands
membrane forms round each
DNA replicates itself
replacement cells
plant growth
animal growth
organisms producing offspring
bacteria
some plants
sexual reproduction
Meiosis
TWO parents
produce gametes
eggs
sperm
humans
contain 23 chromosomes
half number chromosomes in normal cell
one of each chromosome instead of two
fertilisation
egg & sperm fuse
sperm (gamete) + egg (gamete) = fertilised egg (zygote)
full number of chromosomes
inherit features
both parents
mixture of chromosomes
genetic variation
genetically different offspring
plant cloning
asexual reproduction
cuttings
from good parent plants
quick & cheap
tissue culture
few cells
growth medium
hormones
clones
advantages
many plants
quickly
not much space
grow all year
REDUCED GENE POOL
animal cloning
embryo transplant
artifically fertilise
sperm cell
egg cell
split embryo before specialisation
clone
implant
clone embryos into other cows
baby calves all genetically identical
advantages
100s of ideal off spring every year
disadvantage
reduced gene pool
fewer alleles
closly related
new disease can kill all
no resistance from allele
Adult cell cloning
Dolly the sheep
uses complete set of body cell chromosomes into a denuclearated egg cell
tissue culture
stem cells
treating disease
human
treat diseases form stem cells
replacement organs
not rejected by immune system
unethical?
fusion cloning
adult cell - fused - embryonic stem cell
properties of stem cell
genes of adult cell