Mind Map Gallery Forms of corruption

Forms of corruption

A brief overview about the definition and types of corruption Corruption is defined and categorized in 5 different ways: Supply versus demand corruption Conventional versus unconventional corruption Public versus private corruption Systemic versus individual or isolated corruption Corruption by commission versus by omission

Edited at 2020-09-08 01:08:25

Second Hand Poet

Forms of corruption

Second Hand Poet

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Outline

Forms of corruption

Supply versus demand corruption

Supply-side corruption

It is used to describe the act of offering an illicit payment or undue advantage.

Demand-side corruption

It relates to the acceptance or solicitation of such a payment or advantage.

Conventional versus unconventional corruption

Conventional corruption

It occurs when government officials, whether higher or lower ranking, illegitimately receive or accumulate an undue advantage for their own personal use, disregarding public interest.

Grand corruption (political corruption)

It is defined as corruption occurring at the highest levels of government in a way that requires significant subversion of the political, legal and economic systems.

Petty corruption (bureaucratic corruption)

It occurs at a smaller scale and takes place at the implementation end of public services when public officials meet the public.

Unconventional corruption

It exists where a public or government official acts without consideration for the public’s interest, the goal being to attain a specific and personal gain.

Public versus private corruption

Public corruption

It involves a public official (whether domestic or foreign) as one party to the corrupt act.

Private corruption

It involves only individuals in the private sector (which is why it is sometimes called “private-to-private corruption”)

Systemic versus individual or isolated corruption

Systemic corruption

It exists where corruption is pervasive or entrenched in a society. In other words, it exists where it is routine in dealings between the government and private individuals or businesses.

Individual or isolated corruption

It exists when corruption is rare or consists of a few individual acts.

Corruption by commission versus by omission

A public official can either refrain to act or act in the performance of his or her duties, in exchange for a benefit from an individual or business. These factors as well as the “degree of coercion” applied by the public official and the type of benefit allotted (monetary, physical good, or creation of a social obligation) are of importance as they may affect decision-making and rationalization by corrupt actors. The same can be said in cases where the “form of benefit” received is not immediate but instead the result of the creation of a social obligation.